Balinger
During the 14th–16th centuries, a class of
clinker-built, oared ship, with a single mast and sail. Originating in the
Basque whaling industry, its design migrated to England where balingers were
used in war and trade, displacing English galleys from local waters during the
14th century.
Birlin
A small oared warship used for raids and
amphibious assaults in the isolated West Highlands and outer islands of
Scotland. They were still in use into the 17th century.
Cocha
In the 14th–15th centuries, a mid-sized ship
representing a redesign of the cog. It could be fitted for trade, war, or both
(as an armed merchantman). It was first laid in the Mediterranean, where the
skeleton-built system of the south blended with the clinker-built designs of
the north to produce this hybrid. In northern waters it was called a carrack.
Cromster
A Dutch merchant ship developed as a
coastal warship by the Sea Beggars. A shallow-draughted, wide-beamed cargo
vessel, it was designed to carry trade in the shallow waters of the Netherlands
coast and river estuaries. In wartime its sturdy hull accepted a heavy brace of
guns. Cromsters also were popular with English allies of the Dutch.
drekkar/drekki
‘‘Dragon ship(s).’’ A generic term for any
very large warship, but notably a longship.
Fujian
ships
Large, two-masted Chinese junks capable of
blue water voyages. They carried a crew of about 100. While they sported
numerous swivel guns, muskets, bows, fire lances, and other anti-personnel
weapons, their weak planking could neither support nor withstand large-caliber
broadside artillery.
Fusta
An oared warship smaller than a galliot and
much smaller than a war galley. It had just 15 banks of oars in bireme
formation, and 60 crew at two men per oar. Fustas carried 40 infantry
sharpshooters and boarders.
Guangdong
A large Chinese junk, built tougher and
stronger than the Fujian class and used for coastal and oceanic trade. They
were well-armed with a variety of anti-personnel weapons, but given their weak
hull design they could not support heavy, ship-killer broadside artillery. Some
had long oars (‘‘sweeps’’).
Lymphad
A small oared warship descended from the
Viking longship and in use for over 1,000 years, into the 17th century. Their
main role was in lightning coastal raids and amphibious assaults in the
isolated West Highlands and outer islands of Scotland.
Spanish ships landing in the Battle of Ponta
Delgada (Battle of Terceira Island) naval battle of 26 July 1582,
between a Spanish fleet of 26 ships which included several pataches
(tenders), commanded by Don Álvaro de Bazán, and a French fleet of 60,
led by Admiral Philippe Strozzi, ending with a decisive victory for the
Spanish
Patache
A small Spanish reconnaissance ship. They
were an integral part of most treasure fleets. The type was closely related to
the zabra.
Resfuerzo
A Spanish supply ship. They were used between
colonies as well as between Spain and its overseas holdings. They also
accompanied the great armadas and treasure fleets.
Shallop
Originally, a small sloop-like warship,
predominantly a cruiser in shallow coastal water. In the 16th–17th centuries
this term was used more often about a small class of ship’s boat.
Tarides.
A flat-bottomed, long-distance oared
transport used to carry from 25 to 40 cavalry mounts. Their great advantage
over round-bottomed sailing ships, which could carry 100 or more horses, was
that they were amphibian: their horse cargo could be unloaded directly onto a
beach where a round-bottomed ship needed a secure harbor.
Zabra.
A small (80–100 tons) two- or three-masted
Spanish warship. The type was closely related to the patache. Most sported
lateen sails and were fast ships. They were used in reconnaissance and for
carrying messages or supplies between slower hulks and larger warships. The
Spanish deployed a full squadron of zabras and pataches as part of the
Invincible Armada.
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